Final answer:
Without specific heat capacities or cooling data for Substance A, B, C, or D, it is not possible to accurately determine which of the substances cooled down the fastest. The rate of cooling is inversely related to the specific heat capacity of a substance.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine which substance cooled down the fastest after the lamp was turned off, it is necessary to comprehend the properties of heat capacity and rate of cooling. The rate at which a substance cools off is inversely related to its specific heat capacity. The specific heat capacity is a measure of how much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount. Substances with low specific heat capacities heat up and cool down quickly, while those with high heat capacities take longer to change temperature.
From the information provided and the reference material, we can infer that the substance with the lowest specific heat capacity will cool down the fastest. Unfortunately, we do not have specific heat capacities or the cooling data for Substance A, B, C, or D to make a conclusive determination. Insight can be derived from the melting or boiling points of comparable substances, but we would need more direct information on specific heats or cooling rates to answer your question accurately.