Final answer:
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) and Down syndrome (trisomy 21) are examples of inherited disorders that can result from a Robertsonian translocation. This type of chromosomal rearrangement occurs when two acrocentric chromosomes fuse, potentially leading to genetic disorders in offspring.
Step-by-step explanation:
An inherited disorder that can be produced by a Robertsonian translocation is Patau syndrome. This condition is also known as trisomy 13, where chromosome 13 has three copies instead of the usual two, often due to a translocation involving chromosome 13 and another chromosome. A Robertsonian translocation can also lead to the occurrence of Down syndrome, which is an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). However, it's important to understand that while such translocations increase the risk, not all individuals with the translocation will have children with these conditions.
Robertsonian translocations occur when two acrocentric chromosomes fuse near the centromere region with the loss of the short arms. These type of translocations, while often leading to a carrier state without direct health issues, can result in offspring with unbalanced chromosomal material, causing various genetic disorders depending on the chromosomes involved.