Final answer:
Karyotyping is the laboratory technique used to analyze human embryo chromosome composition by arresting cell division, staining chromosomes, and arranging them into a karyogram for the detection of genetic abnormalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The laboratory technique used to analyze chromosome composition in human embryos is karyotyping. This method involves collecting cells, stimulating them to divide, arresting them in metaphase using colchicine, and spreading the chromosomes using a hypotonic solution. The chromosomes are then fixed and stained to reveal distinct banding patterns.
A karyogram, also known as an ideogram, is created by photographing the chromosomes and arranging them into pairs by size and banding pattern. Geneticists use this to identify and confirm genetic abnormalities. This process also incorporates techniques such as fluorescent staining or chromosome painting to differentiate between the various chromosomes.
Overall, karyotyping is a powerful cytogenetic technique that provides a visual representation of chromosomal composition, crucial for identifying chromosomal aberrations in embryos and predicting genetic disorders before birth.