Final answer:
CD4+ T cells recognize antigens presented by MHC II molecules and typically differentiate into helper or regulatory T cells, while CD8+ T cells recognize antigens presented by MHC I molecules and often become cytotoxic T lymphocytes that can kill infected cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
T cells, which develop in the thymus, are essential components of the adaptive immune system and are responsible for recognizing and responding to antigens presented to them. There are two main types of T cells: CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells recognize antigens presented by MHC II molecules, which are found on certain immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. CD4+ T cells typically differentiate into helper T cells or regulatory T cells and assist other immune cells. On the other hand, CD8+ T cells bind to antigens presented by MHC I molecules, which are present on all nucleated cells. CD8+ cells become cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which can directly kill infected cells. Both types of T cells use their T cell receptors (TCRs) alongside their CD4 or CD8 co-receptors to bind specifically to either MHC II or MHC I molecules, respectively.