Final answer:
The rearrangement of IgH, IgL, and TCR loci is mediated by RAG1, RAG2, and DNA recombinase, which facilitate the recombination of V(D)J segments and result in diverse immune receptors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The components essential for the rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and light chain (IgL) loci, as well as the T-cell receptor (TCR) loci, are predominantly the Recombination Activating Genes 1 and 2 (RAG1 and RAG2), along with the enzyme called DNA recombinase.
These elements facilitate the recombination of V(D)J segments, contributing to the generation of the diverse antigen receptors necessary for specific immune responses. B cells and T cells use this mechanism to create a multitude of unique immunoglobulin (Ig) and TCR molecules, respectively. For IgH and IgL, recombination involves various combinations of Variable (V), Diversity (D), and Joining (J) segments, while for TCRs, V, D, and J (or V and J for TCR alpha chains) segments are rearranged, ensuring a vast repertoire of possible antigen recognition sites.