Final answer:
The similarities of bone structure between the fins of whales and sharks do not provide evidence of evolution because they result from convergent evolution, not common ancestry. Fossils, including those of extinct species and transitional forms, along with DNA comparisons and homologous structures in anatomy, are true evidence for evolution. Option d)
Step-by-step explanation:
The option that does not provide evidence of evolution is Similarities of bone structure between fins of whales and sharks. The reason this is not evidence of evolution is that whales and sharks do not share a common ancestor for their fins; instead, their similar structures are due to convergent evolution, where unrelated species independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. This contrasts with homologous structures, which are features shared by species due to common ancestry.
Fossils, including those of extinct plants and animals and transitional fossils, provide strong evidence for evolution. They document the historical sequence of life on Earth and illustrate the progression of form over millions of years. Additionally, anatomy and embryology provide evidence of homologous structures and vestigial organs, indicating the descent from common ancestors. Lastly, comparing DNA sequences of different organisms also provides robust support for their evolutionary relationships.