Final answer:
The Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church share roots in early Christianity but diverged during the 1054 East-West Schism over issues like language, clerical celibacy, and papal authority. They both have hierarchical structures and significant influence in their regions despite their differences.
Step-by-step explanation:
To create a Venn diagram comparing the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, one must consider their similarities and differences. Both churches emerged from the same Christian roots and share many theological beliefs, practices, and apostolic tradition. However, the churches diverged significantly during the East-West Schism of 1054. Commonalities between the churches include the acceptance of the Nicene Creed, a sacramental view of the Eucharist, and apostolic succession. Differences include language use in services, with the Roman Catholic Church using Latin and the Eastern Orthodox Church using Greek. The Roman Catholic Church mandates a celibate clergy and holds the pope as the supreme authority, whereas the Eastern Orthodox Church allows its priests to marry and considers the patriarch to have equal authority with other patriarchs. The Great Schism was precipitated by cultural, political, and theological issues, such as the debate over the Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed and the authority of the Roman papacy. The Eastern Orthodox Church became centered in Constantinople, speaking Greek, and rejecting papal supremacy, while the Western Church remained in Rome, used Latin, and affirmed the pope as the ultimate authority. Despite their differences, both churches continue to exert significant influence in their respective regions and maintain a hierarchical structure.