Final answer:
The scenarios describe various forms of motion and principles of physics, such as centripetal force, simple harmonic motion, translational motion, inertia, and conservation of momentum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The provided scenarios all relate to the principles of physics, examining the motion of different objects under a variety of conditions. For instance, when a car is rounding a bend at a constant speed, centripetal force is required to keep it moving in a curved path. As for a merry-go-round that increases from rest to a constant rotational speed, this involves angular acceleration until it reaches a steady state of motion. Additionally, the motion of a pendulum swinging back and forth exemplifies simple harmonic motion, which is periodic and oscillatory in nature.
Further exploring kinetic concepts, a bowling ball rolling down a bowling alley showcases translational motion with a focus on the forces of gravity and friction influencing its movement. When discussing the motion of a car on ice, lacking kinetic friction, it would slide off the road following a path dictated by its inertia - a concept known as Newton's First Law of Motion.