Final answer:
The jobs not covered by national labor and employment laws are part of the underground or informal economy. This unregulated market operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The jobs not covered by national labor and employment laws are part of the underground or informal economy. This refers to an unregulated market that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections. Some examples of jobs in the informal economy include under-the-table nannies, gardeners, housecleaners, unlicensed street vendors, and taxi drivers.
In the United States, it is estimated that the informal economy makes up about 10 percent of the overall economy. However, in peripheral nations, the informal economy can account for a much higher percentage of nonagricultural work, reaching as high as 80 percent in some parts of Asia and Africa.
The workers in the informal economy often earn low wages and face unstable working conditions. While the informal economy may provide a means of survival for many individuals, it also presents challenges in terms of taxation, regulation, and lack of labor protections.