Final answer:
The transparent protective coating over the front part of the eye that can be transplanted is called the cornea. It is part of the fibrous tunic and plays a critical role in focusing light onto the retina.
Step-by-step explanation:
The clear, transparent protective coating over the front part of the eye that can be transplanted is the cornea. The cornea is part of the eye's outermost layer, called the fibrous tunic, which also includes the sclera or "white of the eye." The cornea allows light to enter the eye and, together with the lens, helps to focus light onto the retina. It is highly valued in transplant procedures because it is a vital component in vision and its transparency is crucial for the refraction of light.
The cornea is a remarkable piece of biological engineering. It is devoid of blood vessels to maintain transparency but is densely innervated and highly sensitive to ensure protection, receiving nutrients from tears and the aqueous humor instead.