Final answer:
Lean production is related to a philosophy of waste elimination that includes just-in-time delivery and is focused on economic efficiency and economies of scale.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept related to lean production from the options provided is A. A philosophy of waste elimination. Lean production is a business philosophy which focuses on increasing efficiency and reducing waste in all forms within a manufacturing process. The goal is to produce what is needed, when it's needed, with minimum materials, equipment, labor, and space. The method of lean production frequently utilizes just-in-time delivery, which means parts are delivered as they are needed for the manufacturing process, helping to eliminate the waste of excess inventory. This method was notably utilized by Japanese car manufacturers in the 1980s. The vision of lean production is contrary to never running out of inventory or always operating at full capacity; instead, it?s about streamlining operations and embracing economies of scale to create an optimal balance between production and demand, ensuring economic efficiency.