Final answer:
The arrangements associated with cocci do not include palisades, as these are typical of bacilli, the rod-shaped bacteria. Thus, the correct answer is A) palisades.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student asks about the arrangements associated with cocci, a type of bacterial cell shape. Cocci are known to form various distinct patterns when they divide and group together. Among these patterns, palisades are not associated with cocci; instead, they are associated with bacilli, which are rod-shaped bacteria. The correct arrangements related to cocci include chains or streptococci, clusters or staphylococci, tetrads (groups of four cells), and pairs or diplococci.
Therefore, the answer to the question 'All of the following are arrangements associated with cocci except' is A) palisades.
When studying prokaryotic cell shapes, cocci, bacilli, and spirilli are the three primary forms. Cocci are spherical, bacilli are rod-shaped, and spirilli are spiral-shaped. Furthermore, bacilli might arrange themselves in pairs (diplobacilli), chains (streptobacilli), or palisades, which are side-by-side arrangements resembling a picket fence. These features are essential for identifying and classifying bacteria.