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All of the following are associated with eukaryotic cells except

A) Glycocalyx
B) flagella
C) periplasmic space
D) cilia
E) cytoskeleton

User Peter Lur
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Final answer:

The periplasmic space is associated with prokaryotic cells, not eukaryotic cells, while the cytoskeleton is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells.

Step-by-step explanation:

The periplasmic space is a structural feature associated with prokaryotic cells, particularly observed in Gram-negative bacteria, and is not found in eukaryotic cells. In Gram-negative bacteria, the periplasmic space is the region between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane, containing a variety of proteins, enzymes, and the peptidoglycan layer. This space plays a crucial role in bacterial physiology, contributing to processes such as nutrient acquisition and cell envelope integrity.

In contrast, eukaryotic cells are characterized by a distinct set of structures, including a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The nucleus houses the genetic material, and membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and others contribute to the compartmentalization and specialization of cellular functions. Eukaryotic cells also possess a cytoskeleton, a dynamic network of protein filaments, including microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. The cytoskeleton provides structural support, maintains cell shape, facilitates intracellular transport, and plays a crucial role in processes like cell division.

While prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, the periplasmic space is a distinctive feature that contributes to their unique biology. In summary, the periplasmic space is associated with prokaryotic cells, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, and is absent in eukaryotic cells, which are characterized by a more complex cellular organization and structure.

User Adam Dyga
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