Final answer:
Acclimatization is a temporary adaptive process where the body adjusts the number of red blood cells to maintain oxygen homeostasis, highlighted by an increase in erythrocyte count in response to strenuous activities or high-altitude environments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon being described is known as acclimatization, which is a temporary, adaptive response to changes such as strenuous activity. This process is particularly noticeable in the change of blood hemoglobin values. One of the key components in acclimatization is the kidney's role in monitoring oxygen concentration and secreting erythropoietin (EPO), which increases the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and thereby helps to maintain oxygen homeostasis in the body. People traveling to high altitudes often experience a period of acclimatization to adjust to the lower oxygen levels, leading to an increase in erythrocyte count and, consequently, in the body's oxygen transportation capacity.
For example, mountain climbers ascending to high altitudes may rely on gradual ascent and rest to allow their erythrocyte levels to rise in response to lower ambient oxygen, thereby avoiding symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS). As the number of red blood cells increases, there is more hemoglobin available for oxygen transportation, permitting physical performance without impairment. This adaptive mechanism ensures adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues despite the environmental challenge.