Final answer:
The element not associated with the packaging of eukaryotic chromosomes is Okazaki fragments. These are involved in DNA replication, not in the long-term DNA packaging like nucleosomes, euchromatin, histones, and heterochromatin.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the following are associated with the packaging of eukaryotic chromosomes except Okazaki fragments. Nucleosomes, euchromatin, histones, and heterochromatin are all related to the way DNA is organized and condensed within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Nucleosomes consist of DNA wrapped around histones, forming a structure that resembles 'beads on a string'. Euchromatin and heterochromatin pertain to the degrees of chromatin compactness, with euchromatin being more loosely packed and heterochromatin being tightly packed and less transcriptionally active.
Okazaki fragments, on the other hand, are short strands of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication and are not related to the long-term packaging of chromosomes. Therefore, option B) Okazaki fragments is not associated with the packaging of eukaryotic chromosomes.