Final answer:
Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA synthesized in the nucleolus and proteins assembled in the cytoplasm collaborate to translate mRNA into proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
Protein Synthesis Location
Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosome. The ribosome is a cellular structure responsible for the synthesis of proteins by translating the code provided by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in messenger RNA (mRNA) into a specific order of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Ribosomes consist of large and small subunits made of protein and RNA, and can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Additionally, the RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus of the cell before being assembled into complete ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This is a critical aspect of the protein synthesis process.