Final answer:
The identification of bacteria typically starts with a Gram stain to classify them as either Gram-positive or Gram-negative, which is helpful in determining the bacterial genus and species.
Step-by-step explanation:
Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the Gram stain for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria. The Gram stain is a pivotal step in the preliminary classification of bacteria, which divides them into two groups: Gram-positive or Gram-negative. The Gram stain involves a multi-step process that differentially colors bacteria based on the properties of their cell walls. This staining technique reveals significant differences in cell morphology, including cellular size, shape, and arrangements, which can help target the identification to a particular genus or even species of a bacterial sample.
With this method established by Hans Christian Gram in 1884, not only can one discern the grouping of bacteria, but also observe other cellular features such as endospores or inclusion bodies. Following the Gram stain, further biochemical assays can be conducted to more precisely identify the bacterial species by creating a biochemical profile, or “fingerprint,” of the organism. These detailed examinations are crucial for a robust understanding of bacterial physiology and for informing subsequent bacterial growth and treatment strategies in clinical settings.