Final answer:
Alcohols are effective disinfectants against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, but are not effective against bacterial endospores and fungal spores options (c,d). They denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes but are not sporicidal and need to be used on clean surfaces.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alcohols are effective as disinfectants against a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. However, they are not effective against bacterial endospores or fungal spores. Therefore, both C (bacterial endospores) and D (fungal spores) are correct in the context of which organisms alcohols are not effective against.
Alcohols work by denaturing proteins and disrupting microbial cell membranes but are not sporicidal, meaning they don't kill spores. Additionally, alcohol-based disinfectants must be used on clean surfaces to be effective since they will not work properly in the presence of visible dirt.