Final answer:
The sequencing and analysis of an organism's genetic information is called genomics, which includes the study of all genes and their organization in an organism. Genomics uses tools like next-generation sequencing, while PCR, northern blotting, and Southern blotting serve other specific molecular biology purposes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sequencing and analysis of an organism's genetic information is referred to as genomics. This field of science encompasses the study of the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequences, and their organization within an organism. Techniques such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) are used to amplify DNA sequences, but genomics involves broader analysis.
Technologies like next-generation sequencing are critical tools in genomics for rapidly sequencing DNA. On the other hand, techniques like northern blotting are used for examining mRNA, and Southern blotting for DNA. While gene therapy pertains to treating diseases by altering genes, and protein synthesis is the process by which proteins are formed from amino acids, genomics provides comprehensive genetic mapping that can lead to advances in medicine, including pharmacogenomics which investigates drug interactions with the genome.