Final answer:
The process that begins with the incorporation of fMet, specific to prokaryotes, is called translation, marked as option A. Translation converts mRNA sequence into a protein, involving initiation, elongation, and termination stages.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process known as translation is initiated with the incorporation of fMet. The correct answer to the gap in the question is option A) translation.
Translation is a critical part of protein synthesis, where the sequence of bases in messenger RNA (mRNA) is converted into the sequence of amino acids in a protein. This process initiates when a ribosome binds to the mRNA transcript and formylmethionine (fMet), a modified form of methionine, is incorporated at the start codon as the first amino acid in prokaryotes. The stages of translation include initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, several factors and enzymes come together to form the initiation complex, ensuring that the ribosome is correctly placed to start synthesizing the protein at the correct location on the mRNA. Elongation sees the consecutive addition of amino acids driven by codon-anticodon pairing. Termination happens when a stop codon is reached and the completed polypeptide chain is released.