Final answer:
The central dogma of genetics involves two processes: transcription and translation, with the correct answer to the question being C) transcription and translation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The processes involved in the central dogma of genetics are transcription and translation. Therefore, the correct answer is C) transcription and translation.
Transcription is the process whereby the genetic code from DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). This process occurs in the nucleus of the cell. During transcription, an mRNA strand is produced that is complementary to the DNA strand of the gene. Translation, on the other hand, is the process by which the code contained in the mRNA is used to synthesize proteins, dictating the order of amino acids in the protein chain. These processes are fundamental in gene expression, allowing the information encoded in genes to direct the production of proteins, which are crucial for all cellular functions.