Final answer:
The process that requires the participation of tRNA molecules is translation, specifically during the elongation stage where tRNA pairs with mRNA codons to form proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of translation requires participation of tRNA molecules. The correct answer is D) translation. Translation involves several stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, a ribosome binds to an mRNA transcript. The elongation phase is where tRNA molecules play a crucial role, as each tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary mRNA codon, delivering the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain. This process continues until a stop codon is encountered during the termination stage, signaling the end of translation and resulting in a complete protein.