Final answer:
The correct answer is C) translation, which is the process where peptide bonds are formed between amino acids as part of protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
During translation, a new peptide bond is formed between the carboxyl group of the amino acid that is attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino group of the amino acid located in the A site. This bond formation is catalyzed by peptidyl transferase, an RNA-based ribozyme that is integrated into the 50S ribosomal subunit. The process of elongation in translation entails a series of such peptide bond formations, allowing a growing polypeptide chain to be synthesized as the ribosome moves along the mRNA template.
Elongation in translation refers to the process where peptide bonds are formed between amino acids in the A site of the ribosome. During this process, the ribosome translocates in the 5' to 3' direction, allowing the tRNA in the P site to enter the E site and exit. The tRNA in the A site then moves to the P site, creating space for more tRNA to enter the A site and elongate the amino acid chain.