Final answer:
The renal corpuscle is composed of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, which together initiate filtration in the kidneys. The renal tubule, associated capillaries like the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta, the juxtaglomerular apparatus, and their histological features are integral to kidney function.
Step-by-step explanation:
RENAL CORPUSCLE STRUCTURES:
The two structures that make up the renal corpuscle are the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that performs the initial step of filtering blood, while the Bowman's capsule is a cup-shaped structure that encases the glomerulus. Together, they are the primary components for filtration in the kidney.
RENAL TUBULES AND CAPILLARIES:
The renal tubule extends from Bowman's capsule and is segmented into different parts: the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting ducts. Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta are associated with these tubules and play an essential role in reabsorbing substances into the bloodstream and concentrating the urine.
JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS:
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located near the glomerulus and helps regulate blood pressure and filtration rate of the kidneys. It includes specialized cells like juxtaglomerular cells that produce renin, and macula densa cells that sense sodium concentration.
RENAL HISTOLOGY:
The histology of these structures includes cuboidal cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule with microvilli to increase surface area for reabsorption. The loop of Henle has thin segments to allow for passive movement of water and ions. The distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts adjust final urine composition.