Final answer:
Discrimination refers to biased actions against an individual or group based on stereotypes and prejudice, while sexism is a form of discrimination based on sex, often leading to unequal treatment and expectations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Discrimination is the display of negative irrational attitudes toward women or minorities, and it takes the form of biased actions against an individual or group. Discrimination arises from holding negative beliefs (stereotypes) and negative attitudes (prejudice) about a particular group. An example of gender discrimination is the case of Mary Whiton Calkins, who was denied her PhD solely due to being a woman. Discrimination also includes sexism, which is both prejudice and discrimination based on sex. Sexism can be found in expectations of gender roles and behaviors, and these prejudiced beliefs can have consequences such as employment inequality and women being viewed unfavorably for trying to defy such norms.
Sexism occurs at various levels, including individual, group, and institutional levels, often leading to unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender. Despite regulations against discrimination, these behaviors persist and are sometimes difficult to detect, as explicit and implicit attitudes can differ.