Final answer:
Deng Xiaoping's most radical innovation was the introduction of economic reforms through the 'Four Modernizations', which modernized agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology, and improved the Chinese standard of living while maintaining CCP control.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deng Xiaoping's most radical innovation was a series of sweeping economic reforms, often referred to as the "Four Modernizations." These reforms fundamentally transformed the Chinese economy by introducing elements of capitalism, such as breaking up collective farms, encouraging entrepreneurship, inviting foreign investment, and allowing private management in certain state industries. Significantly, the Chinese standard of living improved as a result of these reforms. Although Deng advocated for political reform, including term limits and a redrafting of the constitution, he maintained the political dominance of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and did not permit opposition to its rule.