Question

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing—more than 9% of the adult U.S. population currently has this disorder. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, renal disease, and amputation and leads to increased mortality, primarily from cardiovascular events. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is a blood test that determines the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after an overnight fast or after not eating for at least 8 hours. An FPG of ≥126 indicates that a person has Type 2 diabetes. Supposed the following test results were obtained for a screening test for diabetes with a cutoff ≥126 mg/dl. Label the table with TP, FP, FN, and TN.

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by high glucose levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance. The fasting plasma glucose test is a diagnostic measure, with TP, FP, TN, and FN categorizations based on the test results relative to the diabetes diagnostic cutoff of ≥126 mg/dL.

Step-by-step explanation:

Understanding Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Glucose Testing

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which is a high level of glucose in the blood. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, plays a vital role in regulating blood glucose by aiding glucose uptake by the cells. In Type 2 diabetes, there is either a deficiency of insulin or the body's cells are resistant to its action, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.

The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is a diagnostic tool for diabetes that measures blood glucose after an overnight fast. Blood glucose levels below 100 mg/dL are considered normal, between 100-125 mg/dL indicate pre-diabetes, and levels of 126 mg/dL or higher indicate a diagnosis of diabetes. When screening for diabetes, results can be categorized as True Positive (TP), False Positive (FP), True Negative (TN), and False Negative (FN) based on the cutoff value.

TP represents cases where the test correctly identifies individuals with diabetes (FPG ≥126 mg/dL), while TN represents those correctly identified as not having diabetes (FPG <126 mg/dL). Conversely, FP stands for individuals incorrectly identified as having diabetes (FPG ≥126 mg/dL when they do not have diabetes), and FN denotes cases where the test fails to identify actual diabetes (FPG <126 mg/dL in individuals with diabetes).