Final answer:
Selection bias is the type of bias that can occur in voluntary screening programs due to the unrepresentative nature of the voluntary participants. Social desirability bias may also influence the data, as participants could respond in a manner perceived as favorable. Response bias like the Bradley effect also reflects inaccuracies in survey data related to social pressures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of bias that arises because some individuals are more likely to agree to participate in a screening program than others is known as selection bias. This occurs when the method by which a sample is chosen causes the sample to be unrepresentative of the population being studied. For example, if a health screening program is voluntary, those who participate may be more health-conscious or have particular health concerns compared to those who do not participate, leading to biased data that cannot be generalized to the entire population.
Additionally, social desirability bias can play a role, where individuals provide responses that they believe will be viewed favorably by others, instead of their true opinions or behaviors. This can happen in the context of a screening program where participants might over-report healthy behaviors or under-report unhealthy ones to appear in a better light.
A related concept is response bias, which includes a range of biases that affect survey responses, such as the Bradley effect where individuals may inaccurately report their true opinions due to social pressures or perceived social norms.