Question

A study was conducted to determine whether the drug AZT was effective in preventing serious opportunistic infection among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Individuals who were HIV-positive were randomly selected to either receive AZT treatment or a placebo (nondrug) treatment. Among the 145 individuals who received AZT, 24 developed serious opportunistic infections. Among the 137 individuals who were not treated with AZT, 45 developed serious opportunistic infections. Complete the 2×2 table for these data.

Calculate the association between AZT treatment and the development of opportunistic infections.

Answer 1

To calculate the association between AZT treatment and the development of opportunistic infections, complete a 2×2 table using the given data and calculate the risk ratio.

Step-by-step explanation:

To calculate the association between AZT treatment and the development of opportunistic infections, we need to complete a 2×2 table using the given data. The table would look like this:

AZT TreatmentPlacebo TreatmentDeveloped Opportunistic Infections2445Did not Develop Opportunistic Infections12192

From this table, we can calculate the association between AZT treatment and the development of opportunistic infections using the formula:

Risk Ratio = (a / (a+b)) / (c / (c+d))

where a = number of individuals who received AZT treatment and developed opportunistic infections, b = a number of individuals who received AZT treatment but did not develop opportunistic infections, c = a number of individuals who did not receive AZT treatment but developed opportunistic infections, and d = number of individuals who did not receive AZT treatment and did not develop opportunistic infections.

Substituting the values from the table into the formula, we get:

Risk Ratio = (24 / (24+121)) / (45 / (45+92))

Simplifying the equation gives an association of approximately 0.84, indicating a slightly decreased risk of developing opportunistic infections for individuals who received AZT treatment compared to those who did not.