Final answer:
The Soviet e. Venera program was responsible for landing spacecraft on Venus that captured images of its surface, with Venera 7 being the first successful mission in 1970.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Soviet lander that took pictures of the surface of Venus was part of the e. Venera program. The first successful mission to land and transmit data from the surface of Venus was Venera 7 in 1970, which lasted for approximately 23 minutes under extreme temperature conditions.
Following this mission, additional Venera probes were sent, which continued photographing and analyzing Venus's surface and atmosphere.