Final answer:
The Deaf community rejects the term "disability" preferring to view deafness as a cultural identity with its own language (ASL) and customs, emphasizing abilities rather than deficiencies. Language should honor individuals, promote respect, and emphasize inclusivity. Disability, according to the social model, refers to social limitations rather than physical ones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term "disability" is often rejected by the Deaf community because it carries a connotation of deficiency or inadequacy, which can stigmatize those with hearing loss. Instead, the Deaf community typically views deafness not as a disability but as a distinct cultural identity, complete with its own language, American Sign Language (ASL), and traditions. This cultural model of deafness emphasizes ability and community rather than focusing on any lack of hearing.
Understanding the importance of language, the American Psychological Association (2019) promotes using terms that honor the individual and their preferences, avoiding language that might demean them. The notion of disability is further complicated by the varying visibility of conditions, with many people having non-visible chronic conditions or severe disabilities without using assistive devices. The Deaf community's rejection of the term "disability" is aligned with the goal of ensuring language promotes respect and solidarity.
The social model of disability, as opposed to the medical or individual model, views disability as a social limitation—hindering participation in society due to external factors like lack of access, rather than just physical or mental impairments. This perspective is key to moving towards greater inclusivity in community settings by ensuring physical spaces and information are accessible and that various voices are respected and included in decision-making processes, ultimately normalizing a wide range of human experiences and abilities.