Answer: In contrast, the other options listed do not possess all of these characteristics. Mars (a) and Venus (e) have undergone volcanic activity in the past, but their plate tectonics are not as active as Earth's. Mercury (c) lacks an atmosphere and liquid water on its surface. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Earth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Earth is the only planet in our solar system that meets all the criteria mentioned. Let's break it down:
1. Active plate tectonics: Earth's lithosphere, which is divided into several large plates, is in constant motion. These plates interact at plate boundaries, leading to geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges.
2. Active volcanism: Earth has numerous active volcanoes that erupt periodically, releasing magma, gases, and other volcanic materials onto the surface. These eruptions contribute to the shaping of Earth's landscape and the recycling of materials within the planet.
3. Atmosphere composed mostly of nitrogen and oxygen: Earth's atmosphere is primarily made up of nitrogen (approximately 78%) and oxygen (approximately 21%). These gases are essential for supporting life as we know it, providing the necessary oxygen for respiration and maintaining a stable climate.
4. Liquid water on its surface: Earth is the only known planet with abundant liquid water on its surface. The presence of liquid water is crucial for the development and sustenance of life as we know it. It supports various ecosystems, serves as a solvent for biochemical reactions, and regulates Earth's climate.