Final answer:
The ideas of mercantilism are most similarly reflected in the international relations theory of realism, with both emphasizing the accumulation of wealth and power for self-interest.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regarding the ideas of mercantilism, the most similar international relations theory it aligns with is realism. Mercantilism emphasizes the accumulation of wealth and trade restrictions to enhance national power, aligning with realism's principles of states acting to preserve self-interest and security. This practice was prevalent in the 16th and 17th centuries as European nations like England and France employed mercantilist policies to exploit their colonies for resources, particularly precious metals such as gold and silver. Moreover, mercantilism advocates for governmental intervention in the economy, through mechanisms such as high tariffs, monopolies, and naval power, to increase a nation's wealth at the expense of other nations. This is akin to the realist notion that states operate in a self-help international system where securing power is the primary concern.