Final answer:
Realism is the theory most consistent with the idea that major power wars result from a rising, dissatisfied challenger approaching the power of the strongest state in the international system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The idea that major power wars will result when a rising, dissatisfied challenger approaches the power of the strongest state in the international system is most consistent with the theory of Realism in international relations. Realism emphasizes the central role of states in the international system, where states prioritize their own security and dominance. According to realists, the balance of power among great powers is necessary to maintain global security and prevent major conflicts.
Realism argues that the most powerful states tend to dominate the international system and have the most influence over other states. When a rising challenger approaches the power of the strongest state, it creates a shift in the balance of power, which can lead to tensions and potentially conflict between the two states.