Final answer:
The unchanged proposition is that democracy involves an ongoing struggle between liberty and equality. Historical patterns show the difficulty of pure democracies to manage factions and protect minority rights, while scholars like Richard Arneson and Amartya Sen stress the need for democracies to deliver beneficial consequences and meet population needs to maintain legitimacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The proposition regarding democracy and conflict that has not been contradicted by any major historical cases emphasizes the conflictual relationship between liberty and equality, which is a fundamental aspect of democratic societies. In the Federalist Papers, it is highlighted that pure democracies can suffer from the mischiefs of faction, lacking mechanisms to protect the rights of the minority against the majority. This underscores the challenges that democratic systems face in balancing the ideals of equality with the protection of basic liberties.
Moreover, the historical evolution of voting rights illustrates ongoing debates about the parameters of a democratic society, highlighting the fact that democracy's quest to balance various interests continuously evolves. Critiquing the operation and legitimacy of democracies, Richard Arneson and Amartya Sen contribute to our understanding by arguing for the necessity of democracies to deliver better consequences and meet the needs of the population effectively, which is often tested through elections and the fulfillment of positions of power.