Final answer:
Offensive realism is a theory that explains how challenges to the dominant state in the status hierarchy by a rising power can lead to large-scale wars.
Step-by-step explanation:
The idea that the largest wars will result from challenges to the state in the top position in the status hierarchy by a rising, dissatisfied challenger is a concept in the field of International Relations and Political Science. It is often referred to as offensive realism which is a theory that explains interstate conflict as a product of states' actions to grow and project their power.
According to this theory, when a rising power challenges the dominant power in the international system, it creates a power struggle and can potentially lead to a large-scale war. The rising power is dissatisfied with its position and seeks to acquire more power and influence, while the dominant power aims to maintain its position and protect its interests. This power competition and conflict between the two states can escalate into a major war.