Final answer:
The concept of one or more states using their power to counterbalance another state or group of states is known as the balance of power. This principle operates in international relations and within a federal system like that of the United States, where it helps maintain a balance between the federal government and the state governments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The general idea that one or more states use their power to counter that of another state or group of states is known as balance of power. This concept is crucial in international relations where states pursue policies to build up military might or influence to prevent adversaries from taking aggressive action. States also manipulate political institutions of other countries to enlarge their sphere of influence or pressure other states to implement policies that align with their interests. This strategy can involve overt actions, such as military build-ups, or more covert actions like influencing foreign elections or policy decisions.
In the United States, the balance of power also refers to the system that helps create a balance of powers between the central federal government and the multiple state governments. This concept is foundational in ensuring that the federal government does not have unchecked power and that states maintain a degree of sovereignty and influence over their own affairs.
Balance of power maintains order within both international relations and the federal structure of a nation, enabling states to prepare for, or respond to, various actions taken by others and to safeguard their own sovereignty and interests. States recognize each other's sovereignty, attempt to build alliances, or even counteract hegemonic ambitions, all within the scope of balance of power dynamics.