Final answer:
Leadership is distinguished from management by its focus on motivating and driving change, not just planning and budgeting. Leadership styles include democratic, laissez-faire, and authoritarian, each suited to different situations. Effective leadership blends task accomplishment and emotional support.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factor that distinguishes leadership from management is d. leadership is the ability to drive change through motivation. Unlike management, which often encompasses planning, budgeting, and administrative functions such as budgeting, controlling, and staffing, leadership is primarily about guiding and inspiring people toward achieving a common vision or goal. Transformational leaders possess charismatic and inspirational qualities, stimulate intellectual growth, and are considerate of their team's needs.
Leadership styles vary significantly, ranging from democratic leaders who seek participation and consensus in decision-making, to laissez-faire leaders who adopt a hands-off approach, to authoritarian leaders who are direct and goal-oriented. Effective leadership can depend on a variety of factors including the situation, the group's needs, and the leader's personal style. Regardless of the style, effective leaders are able to motivate and drive change.
Leadership functions can be instrumental, focused on tasks, or expressive, aimed at promoting emotional strength and health. The perceptions and expectations of leadership can be influenced by social contexts and stereotypes, such as those related to gender roles. However, effective leadership often integrates both goal achievement and support for team members' emotional well-being.