Question

The nurse understands that numerous comorbidities can contribute to the development of dementia. Which client may be at risk for dementia?

-An 87-year-old resident of a long-term care facility who has developed a urinary tract infection (UTI)
-A 69-year-old client whose lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver
-A 30-year-old client with schizophrenia who has been admitted to the hospital because of psychogenic polydipsia
-A 49-year-old client whose human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 1

Among the clients listed, the 49-year-old with AIDS and the 87-year-old with a UTI are at an increased risk for dementia. AIDS can lead to dementia complex, while severe or recurrent UTIs can cause transient cognitive decline in the elderly.

Step-by-step explanation:

Individuals with certain comorbidities are at an increased risk for developing dementia, a decline in cognitive function severe enough to interfere with daily life. Among the clients mentioned, the 49-year-old client whose HIV has progressed to AIDS is at a particularly high risk for dementia. AIDS can result in a dementia complex due to the severe damage to the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections and conditions that may affect the brain. Advanced age is another important risk factor for dementia. The 87-year-old with a UTI may be at risk, as UTIs in elderly patients can cause a notable decline in mental function, especially if the infection is severe or the individual has a preexisting condition such as Alzheimer's disease. However, a single UTI does not directly cause dementia; it may transiently exacerbate symptoms in those with existing cognitive decline. In contrast, the metastasis of cancer and schizophrenia with psychogenic polydipsia do not have a direct link with an increased risk of dementia, although systemic illness and overall health can indirectly affect cognitive function.