Final answer:
Logical/Technical access controls are the mechanisms in question, which manage and protect access to systems and resources using technological methods like passwords and encryption.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of access controls that are hardware or software mechanisms used to manage access to resources and systems, as well as to provide protection for those resources and systems, are classified as Logical/Technical access controls. These controls are implemented via technological means rather than physical or procedural measures and can include things like passwords, encryption, network authentication protocols, and firewalls.
Types of access control generally include:
- Preventive access controls: Aim to deter or prevent unauthorized access to resources.
- Logical/Technical access controls: Use technology to control access to resources and protect them. This is the type of access control relevant to the question posed by the student.
- Administrative access controls: Include policies and procedures which define the ways resources may be used and the people who may access those resources.
- Physical access controls: Refer to anything that physically limits or controls access to IT systems, such as locks, fences, biometric scanners, and security guards.