Final answer:
If there is not a full range of scores on one of the variables, this is known as a restriction of range. This occurs when the data for a variable is limited and can lead to an underestimation of the actual correlation between variables.
Step-by-step explanation:
If there is not a full range of scores on one of the variables, this is known as restriction of range. When the range of data for a variable is limited or restricted, it can impact the correlation between variables, often leading to an underestimation of the actual correlation. This concept is particularly important in statistical analyses and research design because it affects the generalizability and validity of the conclusions drawn from the data.A classic example of restriction of range would be when students applying to a university all have high SAT scores due to the university's minimum score requirement. This creates a restricted range of SAT scores among the study population, which could lead to incorrect assumptions about the relationship between SAT scores and college success for the entire population of SAT-takers, as it does not include students with lower scores who may also succeed in college.