Final answer:
The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system consists of nerves extending to and from these central structures. The CNS serves as the main control hub, and the PNS facilitates communication between the CNS and the rest of the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord whereas the peripheral nervous system is composed of the nerves that carry information into and out of the spinal cord and brain. Understanding the nervous system's split into central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) components helps in grasping how the body processes sensory information and initiates actions.
The CNS, contained within the cranium and vertebral column, acts as the control center for the body, while the PNS, which encompasses all the nerves outside of these cavities, serves to connect the CNS with the body's limbs and organs. Through nerves, the PNS conveys sensory and motor signals to and from the CNS, ensuring a constant feedback loop between the body and its control system. This system is vital for voluntary muscle movements, as well as involuntary functions that are part of the autonomic nervous system.