Final answer:
Shays' Rebellion and the need to address economic and governance problems under the Articles of Confederation precipitated the Constitutional Convention of 1787, leading to the formation of a new U.S. Constitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The event that precipitated the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was the widespread economic troubles facing the new nation under the inadequate Articles of Confederation, and particularly the impact of Shays' Rebellion.
This rebellion emphasized the weakness of the federal government and the need for a stronger centralized authority, leading to the Philadelphia convention. Although initially intended to modify the Articles, the convention ultimately resulted in the drafting of a new United States Constitution.