Final answer:
James Madison offered a government with separation of powers and checks and balances as a solution to the imperfect nature of humans, as he explained in Federalist No. 51.
Step-by-step explanation:
James Madison's solution to the problem posed by the fact that men are not "angels" was to create a system of government with enough power to govern the people but also with ways to ensure it could control itself. Madison believed that because humans are inherently imperfect and are capable of being unjust, they cannot be left to govern without checks and balances. This concept is evident in his contribution to the Federalist Papers, specifically in Federalist No. 51, where he states, "If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary." Madison's solution was a system of separation of powers among different branches of government, and a series of checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.