Final answer:
Early explorers impacted wildlife in the United States through overhunting, leading to the depletion of beaver and deer populations and the loss of habitats. European colonization also brought diseases to which Native Americans were vulnerable, resulting in widespread death and the loss of knowledge and tradition. Although extensive deforestation occurred, only a few forest species became extinct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Early explorers had a significant impact on wildlife in the United States. The use of guns and the desire for animal skins and furs led to the overhunting of beaver and deer populations. This depletion of animal populations had environmental implications, such as the loss of habitats for fish and water sources for other animals. Additionally, the introduction of European manufactured goods and alcohol had negative effects on Native American communities.
Furthermore, European colonization brought diseases to which native inhabitants lacked immunity, leading to widespread death among the native population. Epidemics caused by these diseases devastated Native American communities, with mortality rates being highest among the youngest and oldest individuals. This loss of population had long-lasting impacts on future generations and resulted in the loss of knowledge and tradition.
Despite extensive deforestation by early European settlers, only a few forest species became extinct. The impact on wildlife in terms of species extinction was relatively limited compared to the broader environmental effects mentioned above.