Final answer:
Septic arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease caused by bacteria, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common pathogen. Symptoms include rapid onset of joint pain and swelling. Treatment includes antibiotics like ß-lactams or cephalosporins, based on bacterial resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Septic Arthritis: Clinical Manifestations and Management
Septic arthritis, also known as infectious arthritis, is an inflammatory joint condition usually caused by bacterial infection. The clinical manifestations of septic arthritis include rapid onset of joint pain, swelling, and limited motion. The most common cause of septic arthritis is Staphylococcus aureus, and in sexually active individuals, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a significant cause. Diagnosis involves the analysis of synovial fluid from the joint, including culture, PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Management typically includes administration of appropriate antimicrobials such as ß-lactams or third-generation cephalosporins, depending on the resistance profile of the bacteria.
Mortality rates for septic arthritis range from 5% to 20%, and about 40% of patients may experience permanent joint damage. Chronic infectious arthritis, a subset of septic arthritis, may present with mild symptoms but is serious and becomes more likely in patients with comorbidities or immune suppression. Appropriate and early treatment is crucial to improve prognosis and minimize complications.