Final answer:
Hip dysplasia is a malformation of the hip joint that can lead to dislocation or osteoarthritis, with risk factors including genetics and breech pregnancy. It's often treated with bracing, therapy, or surgery. Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of hip disability, often necessitating hip replacement surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Description of Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is a condition where the hip joint doesn't develop properly, which can lead to its dislocation or to osteoarthritis. Risk factors include genetics, female sex, and environmental factors such as positioning of the baby during pregnancy. Manifestations often include discomfort, limp, or joint pain. Treatment may involve bracing in infants, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery like total hip arthroplasty.
Risk Factors, Manifestations, and Treatment
Risk factors for hip dysplasia include being first-born, a family history of the disorder, and breech positioning during pregnancy. Symptoms manifest as pain or discomfort when putting weight on the hip, limping for older children and adults, and less mobility or flexibility. Treatment varies based on age; in infants, a harness may be used, while adults might require surgical intervention such as hip replacement.
Hip Replacement Surgery and Osteoarthritis
Hip replacement surgery, or total hip arthroplasty, is often used to treat osteoarthritis of the hip joint, which is the most common cause of hip disability. This degenerative condition causes the deterioration of joint cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain and mobility loss.
Osteoporosis and Hip Fractures
Osteoporosis weakens bones and can lead to hip fractures, particularly in the elderly. Such fractures often require surgery and can result in long-term care needs, significant healthcare costs, and increased morbidity and mortality. Further complications can include pneumonia, pressure ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis.