Final answer:
Debugging is the activity that removes the cause of a failure in a program or system by identifying and fixing errors within the code.
Step-by-step explanation:
The activity that removes the cause of a failure in a program or system is called debugging. Debugging involves identifying, isolating, and fixing the bugs or errors within the code that cause the software to behave unexpectedly or incorrectly. It is a critical part of the software development process. Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its components with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements. Dynamic testing is a kind of testing where the code is executed to check for functional behavior. Reverse engineering involves analyzing a system to understand how it operates, which is different from debugging. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Debugging.