Final answer:
Static analysis is the most effective testing technique for determining and improving code maintainability. Peer reviews and unit testing also contribute to maintainability, but to a lesser extent. Dynamic testing may not be as effective for this purpose.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the given options, the most effective testing technique for determining and improving the maintainability of the code would be static analysis. Static analysis involves analyzing the code without executing it, looking for potential issues, bugs, and vulnerabilities. It helps identify code smells and potential areas for improvement, enhancing the overall maintainability of the codebase.
Peer reviews, on the other hand, involve having other developers review the code for quality and correctness, helping catch potential issues and sharing knowledge. While they may improve maintainability indirectly, the effectiveness can vary based on the knowledge and experience of the reviewers.
Unit testing helps validate individual components or units of code, ensuring they function as intended. While it can contribute to maintainability, its primary focus is on verifying correctness and detecting regressions.
Dynamic testing involves executing the code and checking its behavior during runtime. While it helps uncover issues related to functionality and performance, it may not be as effective in determining and improving the maintainability of the code.