Final answer:
Substandard housing leads to increased diseases and environmental risks but does not necessitate car ownership, which is more related to suburban design.
Step-by-step explanation:
Substandard housing in urban areas has been linked to a variety of negative outcomes, particularly for minority groups and urban residents. Living in these conditions can result in issues such as increased spread of diseases like tuberculosis and pneumonia due to poor sanitation and overcrowded living spaces; exposure to environmental risks; and the perpetuation of poverty and racial segregation in ghettos. However, one thing that is not a result of living in substandard urban housing is the necessity to own a car due to urban layout, which is more commonly associated with suburban living.